Análisis de 27 marcadores STR del cromosoma Y en poblaciones de la selva del Perú / Analysis of 27 STR markers of the chromosome Y in the population of the jungle from Peru

Introducción: los marcadores de repeticiones cortas en tándem del cromosoma Y (Y-STR) se ubican en la región no recombinante del cromosoma Y, su herencia es por vía paterna, no son detectables en el ADN femenino. Estas propiedades hacen de los Y-STR una herramienta útil en las investigaciones forenses, como las agresiones sexuales, paternidades y otros delitos violentos; asimismo son útiles en estudios genealógicos y evolutivos. El objetivo de la investigación es ampliar la evidencia científica de la distribución por regiones o país de los haplotipos del cromosoma sexual Y, estudios similares en poblaciones peruanas son escasas debido al número menor de polimorfismos Y-STR de uso frecuente en genética forense y de poblaciones. Material y métodos: en la investigación se analizaron 141 muestras de ADN de la selva del Perú, de las que 104 muestras corresponden a la región de Iquitos (Loreto), 29 muestras son Awajun (Amazonas) y 8 muestras de Tambopata (Madre de Dios). Las muestras fueron procesadas empleando PCR directa con el kit Yfiler™ Plus PCR Amplification para 27 STR, los productos amplificados fueron analizados por electroforesis capilar en el Applied Biosystem™ 3500XL Genetic Analyzer y los datos obtenidos se importaron al software GeneMapper® ID-X v1.5 para generar los perfiles genéticos. Con los resultados obtenidos se realizó el análisis estadístico y la estructura poblacional. Resultados: de las 141 muestras se obtuvieron 106 haplotipos únicos. La diversidad genética para cada marcador Y-STR estuvo entre 0,317 y 0,919. La diversidad haplotípica para la muestra total fue de 0,9906. El estudio registra que los haplotipos Y-STR estudiados presentaron elevado polimorfismo en la población analizada y, por lo tanto, son de gran utilidad en estudios forenses de identificación humana, así como en genética de poblaciones cuando se investigan grupos o individuos de América Latina. (AU)

Y-chromosome-specific short tandem repeat (Y-STR) markers reside on the non-recombinant portion of the Y chromosome, their inheritance is paternal, they are not detectable in female DNA. These properties make Y-STRs a useful tool in forensic investigations such as sexual assault, parenting, and other violent crimes; likewise they are also useful in genealogical and evolutionary studies. The objective of the research is to expand the scientific evidence of the distribution by region or country of the Y sex chromosome haplotypes. Similar studies in Peruvian populations are scarce due to the smaller number of Y-STR polymorphisms frequently used in Forensic and Population Genetics. Material and method: In the investigation, 141 DNA samples from the jungle of Peru were analyzed, of which comprised of 104 samples from Iquitos region (Loreto), 29 samples from Awajun (Amazonas) and 8 samples from Tambopata (Madre de Dios). The samples were processed using direct PCR with the Yfiler™ Plus PCR Amplification kit for 27 STRs, the amplified products were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis on the Applied Biosystem™ 3500XL Genetic Analyzer, and the data obtained was imported into the GeneMapper® ID-X v1.5 software to generate the genetic profiles. With the results obtained, the statistical analysis and the population structure were carried out. Results: Of the 141 samples, 106 unique haplotypes were observed. Gene diversities for each Y-STR marker ranged from 0.317 to 0.919. The haplotype diversity for the total sample was 0.9906. This study supports that the Y-STR haplotypes in this population are highly polymorphic in the analyzed population and, therefore, are very useful in forensic studies of human identification, as well as in population genetics when investigating groups or individuals from Latin America. (AU)

OPAS e Canadá unem esforços para eliminar o tracoma na América Latina e no Caribe

A Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS) e o governo do Canadá lançaram uma iniciativa para eliminar o tracoma, uma doença ocular infecciosa e principal causa de cegueira entre mulheres em áreas pobres e remotas da América Latina.

An exploration of parenting styles, cultural values, and infant development in a sample of Latin American immigrants in Canada.

The objective of the current research was to investigate the relationship between parenting style, culture, and infant development in a sample of Latin American mother-infant dyads in Toronto, Canada. We examined associations between mothers' self-reported parenting style and infant cognitive and socioemotional development, which we compared to results from mothers belonging to two other Canadian immigrant populations. We further examined whether specific cultural correlates, including affiliation with traditional Latinx cultural beliefs familism and fatalism and acculturation, were associated with positive parenting behaviors in the Latin American sample. Across all three cultural groups, authoritative parenting predicted adaptive socio-emotional development, an effect which differed in magnitude across groups, providing support for the hypothesis that the effect of parenting behaviors on infant development are moderated by culture. Within the Latin American sample, affiliation with the value of familism was associated with higher scores of authoritative parenting, but familism decreased as acculturation to the host culture increased. This research adds to our understanding of factors that contribute to the well-being of Latin American families in Canada. Findings carry implications for provision of infant mental health services to Latin American immigrant families by identifying cultural variables which should be considered when providing parenting interventions to make such interventions more culturally relevant.

La presente investigación examinó la relación entre el estilo de crianza, la cultura y el desarrollo del infante en un grupo muestra de díadas madre-infante latinoamericanas en Toronto, Canadá. Medimos las asociaciones entre el auto reportado estilo de crianza de las madres y el desarrollo cognitivo y socioemocional del infante, lo cual comparamos con resultados de madres que pertenecían a otros dos grupos de población inmigrante canadiense. Examinamos además si componentes culturales específicos, incluyendo creencias cultuales Latinx de familismo y fatalismo, y aculturación, se asociaban con conductas positivas de crianza en el grupo latinoamericano. A lo largo de los tres grupos culturales, la crianza autoritativa predijo puntajes más altos de desarrollo socioemocional del infante, un efecto que difiere en su magnitud entre los grupos, lo cual ofrece apoyo a la hipótesis de que la cultura modera el efecto de las conductas de crianza sobre el desarrollo del infante. Dentro del grupo latinoamericano, la afiliación con el valor del familismo se asoció con puntajes más altos de crianza autoritativa, y una disminución a medida que aumentó la aculturación a la nueva cultura. Esta investigación aumenta nuestra comprensión de los factores que contribuyen al bienestar de las familias latinoamericanas. Los resultados conllevan implicaciones para la provisión de servicios de salud mental infantil a familias inmigrantes latinoamericanas por medio de identificar las variables culturales que deben ser consideradas cuando se ofrezcan intervenciones de crianza para hacer más culturalmente relevantes tales intervenciones.

Nos recherches ont examiné la relation entre le style de parentage, le développement du bébé et la culture chez un échantillon de dyades mère-bébé d'Amérique du Sud à Toronto au Canada. Nous avons mesuré les liens entre le style de parentage auto-rapporté des mères et le développement cognitif et socio-émotionnel, que nous avons comparés aux résultats de mères appartenant à deux autres populations immigrées canadiennes. Nous avons aussi examiné si des corrélats culturels spécifiques comme les croyances culturelles Latinx de familialisme et de fatalisme, et l'acculturation, étaient liées à des comportements de parentage positifs dans l'échantillon latino-américain. Au travers des trois groupes culturels le parentage autoritaire a prédit des scores beaucoup plus élevés de développement socio-émotionnel, un effet qui a varié en magnitude au sein des groupes, soutenant l'hypothèse que l'effet de comportements de parentage sur le développement du bébé est modéré par la culture. Au sein de l'échantillon latino-américain l'affiliation avec la valeur du familialisme était liée à des scores plus élevés de parentage autoritaire, et décroissait au fur et à mesure que l'acculturation à la culture hôte augmentait. Ces recherches s'ajoutent à notre compréhension des facteurs qui contribuent au bien-être des familles latino-américaines. Les résultats ont des implications pour la mise à disposition de services de santé mentale de la petite enfance aux familles immigrées latino-américaines en identifiant des variables culturelles qui devraient être prises en considération lorsqu'on offre des interventions de parentage afin de s'assurer que ces interventions sont pertinentes sur le plan culturel.

Post-immigration factors affecting retention in HIV care and viral suppression in Latin American and Caribbean immigrant populations in the United States: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: To reduce disparities in HIV care outcomes among Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) immigrants living with HIV in the U.S., it is necessary to identify factors influencing HIV care in this population. A systematic review that provides a comprehensive understanding of factors influencing retention in HIV care and viral suppression among LAC immigrants living with HIV in the U.S. is lacking. This systematic review used the Immigrant Health Services Utilization theoretical framework to provide an understanding of these factors. DESIGN: We searched for peer-reviewed publications in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and ASSIA, from January 1996 to June 2020. RESULTS: A total of 17 qualitative (n = 10) and quantitative (n = 7) studies were included in the review. The most commonly reported general and immigrant-specific factors appearing in studies were undocumented immigration status, HIV stigma, homophobia, cultural norms, values and beliefs, family and social support, language barriers, structure, complexity and quality of the U.S. healthcare delivery system, and patient-provider relationship. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the importance of considering immigrant-specific factors along with general factors to improve the provision of HIV care services and HIV care outcomes among LAC immigrant populations.

OPAS alerta que apenas uma em cada quatro pessoas na América Latina e no Caribe foi totalmente vacinada contra COVID-19

A diretora da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS), Carissa F. Etienne, alertou que 75% da população da América Latina e do Caribe ainda não foi totalmente vacinada contra a COVID-19 e informou que a OPAS está acelerando sua campanha para expandir o acesso às vacinas em toda a região.

Community-based screening of Chagas disease among Latin American migrants in a non-endemic country: an observational study.

BACKGROUND: Chagas disease is a parasitic disease endemic to Latin America, but it has become a disease of global concern due to migration flows. Asymptomatic carriers may host the parasite for years, without knowing they are infected. The aim of this study is to assess prevalence of Chagas disease and evaluate the participants' level of knowledge between Latin American migrants attending a community-based screening campaign. METHODS: Three community-based campaigns were performed in Alicante (Spain) in 2016, 2017 and 2018, including educational chats and blood tests for Trypanosoma cruzi serology. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing knowledge about the mechanisms of transmission, disease presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. People seropositive for T. cruzi underwent diagnostic confirmation by two different tests. Results were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression and expressed as adjusted odds ratios (aORs), adjusting for age, sex, and time in Spain. RESULTS: A total of 596 participants were included in the study; 17% were aged under 18 years. Prevalence in adults was 11% [54/496; 95% confidence interval (CI): 8.3-14.5%] versus 0% among children. All but one case were in Bolivians. Diagnosis was independently associated with having been born in Bolivia (aOR: 102, 95% CI: 13-781) and a primary school-level education (aOR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.14-5.06). Of 54 people diagnosed with Chagas disease (most of whom were asymptomatic), 42 (77.7%) returned to the clinic at least once, and 24 (44.4%) received treatment. Multivariable analysis showed that coming from Argentina (aOR: 13, 95% CI: 1.61-1188) or Bolivia (aOR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.19-3.39) and having received information about Chagas disease in Spain (aOR: 4.63, 95% CI: 2.54-8.97) were associated with a good level of knowledge on the disease. Having primary level studies (aOR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.34-0.98) and coming from Ecuador (aOR: 4.63, 95% CI: 2.52-847) were independently associated with a lower level of knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: Community-based interventions are a good strategy for diagnosing neglected diseases such as Chagas disease in non-endemic countries and for identifying and treating infected, asymptomatic individuals.

Analyzing the 2019 Chilean social outbreak: Modelling Latin American economies.

In this work, we propose a quantitative model for the 2019 Chilean protests. We utilize public data for the consumer price index, the gross domestic product, and the employee and per capita income distributions as inputs for a nonlinear diffusion-reaction equation, the solutions to which provide an in-depth analysis of the population dynamics. Specifically, the per capita income distribution stands out as a solution to the extended Fisher-Kolmogorov equation. According to our results, the concavity of employee income distribution is a decisive input parameter and, in contrast to the distributions typically observed for Chile and other countries in Latin America, should ideally be non-negative. Based on the results of our model, we advocate for the implementation of social policies designed to stimulate social mobility by broadening the distribution of higher salaries.

The impact of socioeconomic and phenotypic traits on self-perception of ethnicity in Latin America.

Self-perception of ethnicity is a complex social trait shaped by both, biological and non-biological factors. We developed a comprehensive analysis of ethnic self-perception (ESP) on a large sample of Latin American mestizos from five countries, differing in age, socio-economic and education context, external phenotypic attributes and genetic background. We measured the correlation of ESP against genomic ancestry, and the influence of physical appearance, socio-economic context, and education on the distortion observed between both. Here we show that genomic ancestry is correlated to aspects of physical appearance, which in turn affect the individual ethnic self-perceived ancestry. Also, we observe that, besides the significant correlation among genomic ancestry and ESP, specific physical or socio-economic attributes have a strong impact on self-perception. In addition, the distortion among ESP and genomic ancestry differs across age ranks/countries, probably suggesting the underlying effect of past public policies regarding identity. Our results indicate that individuals' own ideas about its origins should be taken with caution, especially in aspects of modern life, including access to work, social policies, and public health key decisions such as drug administration, therapy design, and clinical trials, among others.

Dementia with Lewy bodies in first-generation immigrants in a European memory clinic.

We wanted to explore possible differences in disease presentation, frequency, and age of onset of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) between first-generation immigrants (FGI) and patients born in Belgium (PBIB). We conducted a retrospective study on all patients of our Memory Clinic between June 1, 2010 and January 31, 2020. A synucleinopathy was diagnosed in 150 of 2702 patients (5.5%): 91 received a diagnosis of DLB (3.4%). FGI were two times more likely to receive a diagnosis of DLB, due to a higher prevalence in North-Africans and Latin-Americans. Visual hallucinations were less frequent in North-Africans than in other immigrants. FGI were younger than PBIB and reported more often parasomnia. Our data suggest a higher risk for DLB in certain immigrant groups. Especially for North-African patients, a genetic factor can be suspected, namely mutations in Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2). Memory clinics with a high rate of FGI may provide interesting data and insights into the prevalence of DLB, genetic and environmental differences.

Mortality in first- and second-generation immigrants to Sweden diagnosed with type 2 diabetes: a 10 year nationwide cohort study.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Non-Western immigrants to Europe are at high risk for type 2 diabetes. In this nationwide study including incident cases of type 2 diabetes, the aim was to compare all-cause mortality (ACM) and cause-specific mortality (CSM) rates in first- and second-generation immigrants with native Swedes. METHODS: People living in Sweden diagnosed with new-onset pharmacologically treated type 2 diabetes between 2006 and 2012 were identified through the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. They were followed until 31 December 2016 for ACM and until 31 December 2012 for CSM. Analyses were adjusted for age at diagnosis, sex, socioeconomic status, education, treatment and region. Associations were assessed using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: In total, 138,085 individuals were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes between 2006 and 2012 and fulfilled inclusion criteria. Of these, 102,163 (74.0%) were native Swedes, 28,819 (20.9%) were first-generation immigrants and 7103 (5.1%) were second-generation immigrants with either one or both parents born outside Sweden. First-generation immigrants had lower ACM rate (HR 0.80 [95% CI 0.76, 0.84]) compared with native Swedes. The mortality rates were particularly low in people born in non-Western regions (0.46 [0.42, 0.50]; the Middle East, 0.41 [0.36, 0.47]; Asia, 0.53 [0.43, 0.66]; Africa, 0.47 [0.38, 0.59]; and Latin America, 0.53 [0.42, 0.68]). ACM rates decreased with older age at migration and shorter stay in Sweden. Compared with native Swedes, first-generation immigrants with ≤ 24 years in Sweden (0.55 [0.51, 0.60]) displayed lower ACM rates than those spending >24 years in Sweden (0.92 [0.87, 0.97]). Second-generation immigrants did not have better survival rates than native Swedes but rather displayed higher ACM rates for people with both parents born abroad (1.28 [1.05, 1.56]). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In people with type 2 diabetes, the lower mortality rate in first-generation non-Western immigrants compared with native Swedes was reduced over time and was equalised in second-generation immigrants. These findings suggest that acculturation to Western culture may impact ACM and CSM in immigrants with type 2 diabetes but further investigation is needed. Graphical abstract.

Vaginal Health: Insights, Views & Attitudes survey in Latin America (VIVA-LATAM): focus on Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: A previous survey investigated postmenopausal vaginal atrophy in a sample of women across Latin America. To help implement a tailored approach to improve postmenopausal care and outcomes in Brazil, we consider results from the survey for this country. METHODS: A total of 2509 postmenopausal women resident in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, or Mexico completed an online questionnaire. The Brazilian cohort comprised 504 women. RESULTS: Over half of the Brazilian cohort (56%) reported experiencing symptoms of vaginal atrophy; most described them as moderate or severe (76%), and almost half (48%) experienced symptoms for at least 1 year. Three-quarters of the Brazilian cohort (75%) were unaware of the chronic nature of the condition. Upon experiencing symptoms of vaginal atrophy, 92% had visited a health-care provider to discuss treatment options. Overall, 56% were aware of some form of local hormone therapy and 40% of those affected by vaginal atrophy had used such treatment. CONCLUSION: Postmenopausal women in Brazil are likely to benefit from increased awareness of the symptoms of vaginal atrophy. Health-care providers can potentially improve outcomes by helping women to understand the chronic nature of the condition and available treatment options. Women may be open to education pre menopause, before symptoms occur.

COVID-19 and geographical area of origin.

OBJECTIVES: To describe and compare the main clinical characteristics and outcome measures in hospitalized patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) according to geographical area of origin. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 at a referral centre in Madrid, Spain, during March-May 2020 was performed. Recorded variables (age, gender, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, outcome), and geographical area of origin were compared for Europeans and non-Europeans (Latin Americans, Asians and Africans). RESULTS: In total, 2345 patients with confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized during the study period were included in the study. Of these, 1956 (83.4%) were European and 389 (16.6%) were non-European (of whom over 90%, 354/389, were Latin American). Non-Europeans were significantly younger than Europeans (mean 54 (SD 13.5) versus 70.4 (SD 15.1) years, p < 0.001); the majority were male (1420/2345, 60.6%), with no significant differences in gender between Europeans and non-Europeans (1197/1956 (61.2%) male in the European group versus 223/389 (57.3%) male in the non-European group, p 0.15). In-hospital mortality overall was higher in Europeans (443/1956, 22.7%) than in non-Europeans (40/389, 10.3%) (p < 0.001), but there were no significant differences when adjusted for age/gender (OR 1.27, 95% CI 0.86-1.88). Non-Europeans were more frequently admitted to ICU (71/389, 18.3%) compared with Europeans (187/1956, 9.6%) (p < 0.001) and a difference in ICU admission rate was also found when adjusted for age/gender (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.03-1.98). CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences in mortality were observed between Europeans and non-Europeans (mainly Latin Americans), but an increase in ICU admission rate was found in non-Europeans.

Intersections Of Neighborhood Co-Ethnic Density and Nativity Status On Heavy Drinking In a General Population Sample Of US Latinos and Asians.

AIMS: Greater neighborhood co-ethnic density (living in proximity with people sharing an ethnicity) and being foreign-born each can protect against risky drinking, but little is known about whether these two factors interact. Using a representative sample of Latinos and Asians from California, USA, we investigate main and interactive effects of neighborhood co-ethnic density and nativity status in relation to heavy episodic drinking (HED). METHODS: This study uses the California Health Interview Survey (N = 30,203) linked with neighborhood data to investigate associations of co-ethnic density and nativity status with HED. Co-ethnic density was based on matching each respondent's ethnicity to the proportion of residents of the corresponding group in their Census tract. Using weighted logistic regression, we first examined main effects of neighborhood co-ethnic density and respondent nativity status on HED. Next, we assessed the interaction of co-ethnic density and nativity status. Finally, we estimated nativity-stratified models to investigate variation in effects of co-ethnic density. RESULTS: Co-ethnic density was not associated with HED for the full sample, but US-born nativity status was associated with increased odds of past-year HED. The interaction model showed co-ethnic density and nativity had synergistic effects, whereby greater levels of neighborhood co-ethnic density buffered risk associated with being US-born. Further, greater neighborhood co-ethnic density was associated with reduced odds of HED for US-born respondents, but it was not associated with HED for foreign-born respondents. CONCLUSIONS: Protective effects of high neighborhood co-ethnic density on HED are stronger for US-born than for foreign-born Latinos and Asians in California.

Beliefs about mental illness in a Spanish-speaking Latin American sample.

The US Hispanic population is large and rapidly growing, with serious healthcare disparities. Alarmingly, 67% of Hispanic adults with a mental illness go untreated. Attempts to increase treatment rates have had limited success, likely partly due to stigma beliefs. There is an urgent need to develop and utilize a Spanish language stigma assessment tool. The current study is the first to do so, translating the Beliefs Toward Mental Illness (BTMI; Hirai et al., 2018) scale into Spanish (S-BTMI). Our psychometric findings with English-Spanish bilingual Latinx undergraduate students suggest that the S-BTMI can be a reliable measure of mental illness stigma. The BTMI's 4-factor solution was confirmed by the S-BTMI. Language invariance tests for the S-BTMI and BTMI demonstrated metric invariance and partial scalar invariance. The S-BTMI's factors produced strong internal consistency and two-week test-retest reliability. A previous Latinx sample's BTMI scores were similar to the current S-BTMI scores, except for greater endorsement of incurability beliefs for the Spanish version. Average stigma levels were fairly low in the current sample. Use of the BTMI-S can improve our understanding of stigma, and its relationships to language, culture, acculturation, and treatment-seeking in Latinx communities.

Emocionalidade política na ação coletiva juvenil / La emocionalidad política en la acción colectiva juvenil / Political emotionality in youth collective action

Resumo Este artigo é o resultado de um processo investigativo que, há seis anos, estuda a Marcha de la Gorra, em Córdoba, Argentina. Esta manifestação tem um alto componente juvenil e visa a instaurar uma denúncia contra o abuso policial e a políticas de segurança pública. O propósito do estudo é explorar a produção e a expressão de emocionalidade política que ocorre na ação coletiva. Para isso, foram identificados climas e nuanças emocionais que a experiência de participar da manifestação provocou, considerando as construções discursivas que os jovens elaboram a partir das experiências deles. Foi baseado em uma abordagem qualitativa que incluiu: registro etnográfico, conversações em marcha e entrevistas em profundidade. O diálogo entre diferentes perspectivas teóricas e o trabalho de campo permitiu refletir sobre os laços entre emocionalidade política e ação coletiva. Por fim, o repertório expressivo que caracteriza a Marcha evidenciou a centralidade da corporeidade nos processos de resistência.

Abstract This article is the result of an investigative process that, for six years, has been studying the Marcha de la Gorra, in Córdoba, Argentina. This demonstration has a high youth component and aims to bring charges against police abuse and public security policies. The purpose of the study is to explore the production and expression of political emotionality that takes place in collective action. For this, emotional climates and nuances that the experience of participating in the demonstration provoked were identified, considering the discursive constructions that the young people elaborate from their experiences. It was based on a qualitative approach that included ethnographic recording, ongoing conversations and in-depth interviews. The dialogue between different theoretical perspectives and fieldwork allowed us to reflect on the links between political emotionality and collective action. Finally, the expressive repertoire that characterizes the March showed the centrality of corporeality in the process of resistance.

Resumen Este artículo es resultado de un proceso de investigación que, desde hace seis años, estudia a la Marcha de la Gorra en Córdoba, Argentina. Esta manifestación presenta un alto componente juvenil y tiene como objetivo instalar un reclamo contra el abuso policial y las políticas públicas de seguridad. El propósito del estudio es explorar la producción y expresión de emocionalidad política en esta acción colectiva. Para ello, se identificaron climas y matices emocionales que suscitó la manifestación, considerando las construcciones discursivas que los jóvenes elaboran a partir de sus vivencias. Se partió de un enfoque cualitativo que contempló registro etnográfico, conversaciones en marcha y entrevistas en profundidad. El diálogo entre distintas perspectivas teóricas y el trabajo de campo permitió reflexionar acerca de los anudamientos entre emocionalidad política y acción colectiva. Finalmente, el repertorio expresivo que caracteriza a la Marcha evidenció la centralidad de la corporalidad en los procesos de resistencia.

Barriers to and facilitators of community participation among Latinx migrants with disabilities in the United States and Latinx migrant workers in Canada: An ecological analysis.

Individuals migrate to improve their wellbeing and quality of life, and often experience adverse situations, both during the process of migration and once within the host country. The purpose of this paper is to unpack the barriers to and facilitators of community participation, among Latinx immigrants with disabilities in the United States and Latinx migrant workers in Canada, following the Social Ecological Model. The authors draw from an appraisal of existing literature and their own participatory research with Latinx immigrants. Based on this integrative literature review, Latinx experience individual issues such as language barriers and lack of knowledge of the services available to them. At the community level they experience discrimination, limited opportunities for community participation, and lack of opportunities for meaningful employment. At the systemic and policy level in the United States, the antimigrant political environment keeps Latinx immigrants with disabilities from participating in their communities due to fear of deportation. In Canada, Latinx workers experience the paradox of migration and discrimination. The discussion of barriers and facilitators is followed by recommendations for community research and action.

La salud de las personas cuidadoras no remuneradas durante la pandemia

La pandemia por la COVID-19 ha puesto nuevamente en agenda el debate central sobre el cuidado de la salud, donde los cuidados que prestan las mujeres en los hogares son esenciales; sin embargo, este trabajo aún es poco visible y reconocido.

The moderating effect of gender as a protective factor against discrimination in migrants from Latin America and China.

This study analysed the association between discrimination and satisfaction with life (SWL) in migrant groups by investigating whether different types of social support (SS; emotional, instrumental, and informational) and networks (family, immigrant and native friends, neighbours, and the community) buffer the negative effects of discrimination on SWL among migrant men and women from different backgrounds. Participants were 631 migrants from Latin America and China residing in Malaga (Spain). We identified behaviour patterns that suggest that SS has different effects on men and women from the same place of origin and similar effects on women and men from different places of origin. In conclusion, the main differences in the effects of SS as a buffer mechanism are not determined by cultural factors. It is more likely that they are determined by differential gender-role socialization, which would lead women to positively value social support.

Women from afar: an observational study of demographic characteristics and mortality among foreign-born women living with HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) in the United States 1994-2016.

INTRODUCTION: Foreign-born persons comprise ~13% of the US population. Immigrants, especially women, often face a complex set of social and structural factors that negatively impact health outcomes including greater risk of HIV infection. We described socio-demographic, clinical and immunological characteristics and AIDs and non-AIDS death among foreign-born women living with HIV (FBWLWH) participating in the US Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) in the US from 1994 to 2016. We hypothesized that FBW will experience higher AIDS-related mortality compared to US-born women (USBW). METHODS: The WIHS is a multicenter prospective observational cohort study of mostly women living with HIV (WLWH). The primary exposure in this analysis, which focused on 3626 WLWH, was self-reported country of birth collapsed into foreign-born and US born. We assessed the association of birthplace with categorized demographic, clinical and immunological characteristics, and AIDS/non-AIDS mortality of WLWH, using chi-squared tests. Proportional hazard models examined the association of birthplace with time from enrolment to AIDS and non-AIDS death. RESULTS: Of the 628 FBW, 13% were born in Africa, 29% in the Caribbean and 49% in Latin America. We observed significant differences by HIV status in socio-demographic, clinical and immunological characteristics and mortality. For both AIDS and non-AIDS caused deaths FBW WLWH had lower rates of death. Adjusting for year of study enrolment and other demographic/clinical characteristics mitigated FBW's statistical survival advantage in AIDS deaths Relative Hazard (RH = 0.91 p = 0.53), but did not substantively change the survival advantage in non-AIDS deaths RH = 0.33, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Foreign-born WLWH exhibited demographic, clinical and immunological characteristics that are significantly different compared with women born in the US or US territory. After adjusting for these characteristics, the FB WLWH had a significantly lower hazard of non-AIDS but not AIDS mortality compared to women born in the US or a US territory. These findings of non-increased mortality can help inform models of care to optimize treatment outcomes among FBWLWH in the United States.